disability
; work disability
; income distribution
; poverty
; disability benefit
; work capacity assessment
Publication Year
2022
Publisher
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
Abstract
This study was prompted by the recent stagnation in poverty reduction among persons with disabilities after rapid improvement in the first half of the 2010s. The study aims to identify the reasons for such shift in the income distribution for persons with disabilities and to test the effectiveness of income security systems. The research focuses on three specific topics: First, we analyze the poverty trends among persons with disabilities and the impact of changes in the composition of the disabled population on poverty. Second, impact analysis is done on poverty of different categories of public transfer income. Third, we test the impact of reforms for re-targeting the disability benefits. The disposable income poverty rate for persons with disabilities decreased from 47.0% to 43.0% from 2012 to 2016 and from 40.7% to 39.6% from 2016 to 2020. Despite the continued expansion of public transfers in the 2010s, the disposable income poverty rate for persons with disabilities has not decreased significantly in recent years because the market income poverty rate for persons with disabilities has increased significantly. The reweighting analysis also shows that changes in the population and household structure of persons with disabilities have significantly increased the market income poverty rate for persons with disabilities. If their demographic and household structure had not changed, the disposable income poverty rate would have decreased to 34.5% in 2020. The annual gross public transfer income of persons with disabilities increased significantly from KRW 3.05 million in 2012 to KRW 6.84 million in 2020, and the public transfer receipt rate increased to nearly 90%. In 2020, the poverty reduction effect of net transfer income on the poverty rate increased to 15.1% points. Analysis by category of transfer income shows that the public pensions play the greatest role in reducing their poverty rate. Disability benefits, on the other hand, did not have a significant poverty reduction effect. We simulated a hypothetical situation where a work capacity assessment is introduced for disability benefits in 2013. According to the analysis, the receipt rate of disability benefits more than tripled from 1.11% before the introduction of the work capacity assessment to 3.34% in 2020. On the other hand, if the disability benefit is limited to the registered disabled people, the receipt rate should be only about 2% in 2020. Based on the results of this study, we propose some policy measures to improve the income distribution of persons with disabilities: First, accessibility to the old-age income security system for persons with disabilities should be strengthened. Second, work capacity assessment should be introduced to disability benefits. Third, the basic disability pension should be structurally reorganized. Fourth, it is necessary to respond to the changes in the household structure of persons with disabilitie
Table Of Contents
Abstract 1 요 약 5
제1장 서론(오욱찬) 9 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 11 제2절 연구의 내용 및 방법 14
제2장 장애인 소득분배 관련 정책 변화(엄다원, 오욱찬) 17 제1절 일반 소득보장제도의 변화 19 제2절 장애 소득보장제도의 변화 28 제3절 일반 고용지원제도의 변화 34 제4절 장애 고용지원제도의 변화 43
제3장 장애인 빈곤 추이와 영향요인(이원진) 53 제1절 분석 개요 55 제2절 분석 방법 56 제3절 장애인 소득·빈곤 추이 60 제4절 장애인 빈곤 추이의 영향요인 70 제5절 소결 84
제4장 장애인에 대한 소득보장 효과(오욱찬) 87 제1절 분석 개요 89 제2절 소득보장 및 빈곤 감소 효과 추이 91 제3절 공적이전소득 항목별 빈곤 감소 효과 104 제4절 소결 110
제5장 장애급여의 정책 대상 재설정 효과(오욱찬) 113 제1절 분석 개요 115 제2절 근로능력평가의 설계 요소 117 제3절 근로능력평가 모형의 적용 방법 121 제4절 분석 결과 129 제5절 소결 141
제6장 결론 및 제언(오욱찬) 145 제1절 주요 연구 결과 147 제2절 정책 제언 150