humanitarian exemption
; North Korea sanctions
; Inter-Korean cooperation
Publication Year
2021
Publisher
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
Abstract
Efforts to revitalize exchanges and cooperation with North Korea must be continued despite the strained inter-Korean relations. Under the UN sanctions against North Korea, it is difficult for sure to continue the development cooperation project which has been promoted by two Koreas(South and North) in terms of exchanges and cooperation. And in order to continue the exchanges and cooperation between two Koreas, the UN 1718 Commission's approval of exemption must be obtained unless sanctions against North Korea are eased or lifted. By analysing the exemption approval cases, it was attempted to derive effective exchange and cooperation strategies with North Korea in the health and welfare field, and to present examples of humanitarian exemptions that can be obtained in future. As a result, we could confirm that, first, exemption approval could be available for the materials of the development cooperation project depending on what kind of causal relationship is presented; that, second, prior discussions or specific agreements with North Korea are not required in the process of exemption approval from the UN 1718 Committee; that, thirdly, the UN 1718 Committee is trying to sufficiently resolve the inconveniences and to meet the requests of international organizations, international NGOs, and South Korean NGOs applying for the exemption approvals; and lastly that the South Korean government has been actively involved in obtaining the exemption approvals. In 2020, all passageways to North Korea were blocked due to COVID-19, and the aid projects for North Korea could not proceed normally even with the hard-won exemptions. In addition, the situation has been still going on now in 2021 without any discussions with North Korean officials on the materials already approved. However, after two years of trying to cross the UN barrier, which was unthinkable in 2018, the private organizations have been convinced that the UN exemption approval process is not that difficult. Moreover, they have secured the know-how to enhance the probability of approval. Now, the only task left is that more institutions should utilize it actively to prepare for the revitalization of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation in the future. Our suggestions would be that, first of all, in order to improve the humanitarian situation in North Korea, it is necessary to support the vulnerable groups by priority with humanitarian aid and development cooperation at the same time, and then to link it with the SDGs. And through the projects promoted within this framework, the scope of approval should be broadened for exemptions from sanctions against North Korea. Specifically, it is necessary to promote humanitarian aid projects in the health and medical field, the social infrastructure construction and improvement of health and welfare, and exchanges of human resources and knowledge in the health, medical and welfare fields. To this end, the legal and institutional foundations should be set up to promote inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation by using the exemptions from sanctions against North Korea; also, private support projects should be activated; indirect support through the international community are to be utilized; the main body of the projects for North Korea should be diversified; and the domestic and international cooperation system must be strengthened.
Table Of Contents
Abstract 1 요약 5
제1장 서론 13 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 15 제2절 연구의 내용과 방법 19
제2장 대북제재와 인도주의적 면제 21 제1절 유엔 제재에서 인도주의적 면제 제도의 도입 배경 23 제2절 대북제재 현황 34 제3절 1718 제재 체제의 인도주의적 면제 메커니즘 38 제4절 1718 제재위원회 전문가패널 보고서 분석 47
제3장 민간단체 승인 활용사례와 유엔 면제 승인 대응전략 59 제1절 민간단체들의 유엔 면제 승인 활용의 배경 61 제2절 유엔의 제재 면제 승인의 시작 65 제3절 민간단체들의 유엔 제재 면제 승인에 대한 대응 70 제4절 남한 민간단체의 경험 분석 75 제5절 유엔면제승인 이후의 남은 문제 85
제4장 대북제재 면제를 활용한 남북교류협력 방안 91 제1절 대북제재 국면에서의 보건복지 분야 남북교류협력 추진 방향 94 제2절 대북제재 면제를 활용한 보건복지 남북교류협력 추진 과제 105 제3절 대북제재 면제를 활용한 남북교류협력 활성화 기반 조성의 과제 113
제5장 결론 129 제1절 연구의 주요결과 131 제2절 정책적 시사점 136
참고문헌 141 부록 153 [부록 1] 2021년 6월, 유효한 인도주의 면제사업 153 [부록 2] 1718 위원회 홈페이지에 게시된 면제승인 물자 내역 155 [부록 3] 주요 유엔면제승인 관련 언론보도 현황 159 [부록 4] 유엔면제 요청 신청서 양식 160 [부록 5] 유엔면제승인 서신 162 [부록 6] 제20대~제21대 국회의 관련 법률 발의안 164