International Comparison of Funeral Policies and Systems: Focusing on Japan, the United States, and France

Abstract

This study examines funeral policies and systems in Japan, the US, and France, and identifies lessons applicable to Korea. Key findings are as follows. First, these countries distinguish the roles of local governments from those of the central government, allowing local authorities to implement effective funeral administration tailored to regional needs. Second, while the United States favors private-run, profit-oriented operations, Japan and France prioritize public-interest, non-profit approaches. Third, the common threads throughout are integrated “one-stop” funeral facilities that combine funeral halls and cremation services. This suggests the potential value of adopting such a system for Korea. Fourth, in the US and France, funeral facilities are often designed as park-like spaces, so that they can serve as community-friendly welfare amenities—a model worth considering in policymaking in Korea. Incorporating these insights into policymaking can enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and long-term sustainability of Korea’s funeral policies and systems.