A Comparison of Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in 10 Countries

Abstract

Digital transformation is accelerating globally, but there is still a lack of international comparative surveys on how and what citizens think of such changes. This paper compares citizens’ perceptions and attitudes toward digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in 10 OECD countries, including South Korea, and suggests policy implications and future challenges for the country based on the findings. The cross-country comparison reveals that South Korean citizens have relatively high digital competence but are more concerned about their level of proficiency than those in other countries. Additionally, South Koreans are generally more comfortable using a variety of online services and are more positive about adopting and using new technologies, such as generative AI, compared to those in other countries. The survey results also demonstrate that they tend to be less concerned about the need for regulation of such technologies. While anxiety or concern about digital transformation and digital skills can drive growth in South Korean society, excessive competitiveness and competition can lead to increased social costs, expanded conflicts, and a decline in social cohesion. Therefore, to increase citizens’ trust in digitalization and AI technology in South Korea, it is recommended to develop policies that address these factors.