old-age Income securty
; national pension
; special occupational pension
; pension reform
Publication Year
2022
Publisher
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
Abstract
At this point, discussions on pension reform to adapt to the rapidly changing socio-economic environment are gaining more social attention than ever before. This study was conducted with the intention of presenting the direction of reforming the old-age income security system in Korea based on the trends of pension reform in major countries now that the issue of pension reform has emerged as a hot topic. As can be seen from the contents of this research report, Nordic countries are replacing the basic pension system, which is universally applied, with an income-related pension as the main axis of old-age income security, while introducing a minimum guarantee pension for the low-income class. In this direction, selection and concentration in the income security system are being strengthened. This is because the basis for existence of the Scandinavian welfare state itself based on Rawls' theory of justice was threatened by deepening polarization in income and working conditions following changes in the social and economic environment surrounding the pension system.
Our reality differs greatly from those of these countries in terms of the social and economic environment and the maturity of the old-age income security system. However, it is also our reality that we cannot stand by the reform trends of major welfare advanced countries that have already reorganized and operated pension systems in a sustainable way. It is a background that requires fact-based discussion while being aware of the various circumstances we are facing. The starting point of this study is the analysis of the current status of the old-age income security system in which we are facing. Based on this, the details of recent pension reforms in major European countries, which can give us policy implications, were carried out jointly with foreign experts. Through these studies, the current status of coping with each country was analyzed. Based on the latest pension reform trends in foreign countries, the reform direction was presented. This study also suggests the direction of the integrated operation of the national pension and the special occupational pension, including the public servants pension. This report focuses on presenting a desirable direction for reform rather than presenting specific details of pension reform. In a situation where we have not properly grasped the reality we are in, even if a specific reform plan is presented, it is unlikely that we will be able to obtain policy implications in terms of feasibility. An appendix to the report contains views on pension reform from various stakeholders in our society. This is to show the diverse views of stakeholders on the direction and urgency of pension reform.
Table Of Contents
Abstract 1 요 약 3
제1장 서론 45 제1절 연구 배경, 목적과 필요성 47
제2장 우리나라 노후소득보장 체계와 노인 빈곤 문제 59 제1절 우리나라의 노후소득보장 체계 61 제2절 노인 빈곤 문제 75
제3장 인구구조의 변화와 연금제도 81 제1절 한국의 인구구조 변화 양상과 인구 추계 현황 84 제2절 노인 빈곤과 고령층의 경제활동 98 제3절 고령층 경제활동에 영향을 주는 요인 112 제4절 소결 126
제4장 인구구조 변화와 국민연금 재정 평가 129 제1절 재정 현황 132 제2절 전망과 재정 평가 133
제5장 누가 부담하는가?: 국가 간 연금 기여금 비교 147 제1절 서론 149 제2절 고령화 및 연금 지출 153 제3절 연금 구조와 재원조달 159 제4절 연금 기여도 및 비용 분담 174 제5절 소결 178
제6장 인구통계학적 난제가 핀란드 공적연금에 미치는 재정적 영향 181 제1절 서론 및 요약 183 제2절 핀란드의 연금제도 187 제3절 노령화 대응책 199 제4절 향후 전망 224
제7장 결론 및 정책적 제언 233 제1절 현행 공적연금과 노후소득보장에 대한 평가 235 제2절 공적연금 제도별 접근 방향 241