social service
; immigrants
; entitlement to social services
; social right for immigrants
; analysis of overseas cases
Publication Year
2022
Publisher
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
Abstract
Number of foreigners increases who are entering Korea for various reasons and staying for a long time, including Korean Chinese, migrant workers, and marriage immigrants. And social services for immigrants should be guaranteed for several reasons. The first issue is that immigrants need for social right in Korean society, so that their entitlement to social services should be discussed in terms of basic rights. Secondly, when immigration policy is changing, it is important to discuss whether the entitlement to social services is necessary to ensure immigrants' social integration. Thirdly, it is necessary to discuss social security for immigrants who participate in economic activities in their communities and pay taxes. Therefore, this study analyzes current status of immigrants’ entitlement to social services in major foreign countries and derives implications for Korean social security policy. The first step in this study is to analyze the social service systems in major foreign countries in order to determine the current status of immigrants’ entitlement. The second objective of this study is to examine the structure of immigrants’ entitlement to social services based on the social policies and immigration policies. The third aspect of this study is to provide policy implications for Korea's social security systems based on the analysis results of the overseas cases. Accordingly, this study has examined social security systems for child care, elderly care, care for the disabled, and housing (housing assistance and social housing) in UK, Germany, Sweden, and Japan. Also the current status of immigrants' security in Korea has been examined based on the systems of central and local governments. In comparison to Germany, Sweden, and Japan, UK offers relatively limited foreigner protection in the social services. German and Swedish governments guarantee social services to immigrants with valid residence permits, regardless of their nationality and type of residence permit. Foreigners with residence permits in the countries are covered by social security services if they are "residing" there. However, more restrictive requirements are demanded for German child care allowances when it comes to residence permits. Next, in Japan, foreigners can apply for care and social housing in the same way as the nationals. UK, however, classifies many care and housing services as public funding, so foreigners subject to the NRPF (No Recourse to Public Funds) are not able to access to them, excluding the recognized refugees. UK's central government applies limited standards to social services for immigrants. However, local governments can provide limited social services to NRPF immigrants at their discretion. Moreover, overseas countries are improving accessibility for migrants to the social services to allow their entitlements mentioned above. In Korea, excluding marriage migrants and recognized refugees, most immigrants have difficulty in receiving the public social services. In areas with a high proportion of immigrants, local governments, however, provide social services to immigrants through their own businesses or services. Social rights of immigrants must be guaranteed as universal human rights, in terms of the movement of "people" rather than the influx of short-term labor. Future immigrants would need better social security, and immigration policy should be gradually improved of the social security systems for foreigners with possibility of permanent residency, and for long-term residents. Changes in immigration policy may require revisions of related laws or guidelines for social services. It is necessary for local governments to expand social services for immigrants and to improve their access to the services since foreigners are likely to be included as "residents" of local governments.
Table Of Contents
Abstract 1 요약 5
제1장 서 론 39 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 41 제2절 연구의 내용 및 방법 48
제2장 이론적 배경 및 국내 제도 현황 53 제1절 이주민의 사회보장 수급 55 제2절 국내 제도 현황 및 선행연구 67 제3절 연구범위 및 분석틀 79
제3장 영국 이주민에 대한 사회서비스 보장 분석 87 제1절 개관 89 제2절 이주민 보장의 제도적 현황 분석 92 제3절 지방정부 단위의 정책 사례 분석 105 제4절 소결 128
제4장 독일 이주민에 대한 사회서비스 보장 분석 133 제1절 개관 135 제2절 이주민 보장의 제도적 현황 분석 137 제3절 지방정부 단위의 정책 사례 분석 157 제4절 소결 165
제5장 스웨덴 이주민에 대한 사회서비스 보장 분석 171 제1절 개관 173 제2절 이주민 보장의 제도적 현황 분석 177 제3절 지방정부 단위의 정책 사례 분석 195 제4절 소결 200
제6장 일본 이주민에 대한 사회서비스 보장 분석 203 제1절 개관 205 제2절 이주민 보장의 제도적 현황 분석 212 제3절 지방정부 단위의 정책 사례 분석 234 제4절 소결 248
제7장 해외국가 이주민 사회서비스 보장의 특징 257 제1절 개관 259 제2절 해외국가 이주민 사회서비스 보장의 제도 현황 265 제3절 해외국가 이주민 사회서비스 보장의 특징 277
제8장 국내 이주민 사회서비스 보장 현황 281 제1절 돌봄 및 주거 서비스의 이주민 보장 현황 283 제2절 지방자치단체 돌봄 및 주거 서비스의 이주민 보장 현황 308
제9장 결론 : 국내 이주민 사회서비스 보장을 위한 정책 제언 335 제1절 분석결과 요약 및 함의 337 제2절 국내 이주민 사회서비스 보장의 개선방안 340