social welfare history
; community wefare
; children welfare
Publication Year
2021
Publisher
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
Abstract
Korean social welfare services have followed a different path from the general development of social welfare services in Western welfare states. The most striking feature in Korea is that social welfare services were provided voluntarily at the private level long before various social policies that could provide social welfare services were developed in earnest. This study tried to examine how the role-sharing relationship between the state and the private sector has changed in Korea's representative social welfare service areas, such as child welfare and community welfare, over the past century, focusing on representative cases. After the Korean War, social welfare services in Korea, which had been expanded centered on children's residential facilities, began to shift from the 1970s onward to focus on community welfare in response to changes in demand for child welfare such as a decrease in war orphans. Social pressure sometimes brought functional changes to traditional residential facilities, and at other times led to an expansion of the breadth of their services. An example this study takes as a case in point is Jinwoonwon, which had attempted to double as a social welfare center as far back as in the 1970s. With its such attempt not having gone through, Jinwoonwon tried to expand its functions by realizing the construction of a comprehensive children's welfare center. In the end, however, it was not evaluated as being successful for both the juridical person and the local community. Since the mid-1980s, facilities such as community centers, welfare centers for the disabled, senior welfare centers, youth counseling centers, and domiciliary care centers have been expanded. In the era of service consumption, the pressure for deinstitutionalization has increased. Nevertheless, child welfare facilities are still needed, and changes must be made to services that are provided to respond to new child issues, such as child abuse, which have recently attracted social attention. What is confirmed in the several examined cases is that since the 1980s, as the roles of the two actors, the private sector and the state, have strengthened, a dangerous period in which the conflict between the state and the private sector can be internalized continues. When looking at the institutions analyzed in this study, the fact that the absolute amount of national subsidies in the composition of financial resources can undermine the independence of the private sector. After all, now is the time when the state and the private sector need close cooperation with each other. Close cooperation should be achieved at a level that secures individuality while maintaining an appropriate distance, not too close and not too far. Welfare society is not achieved solely by the power of the government, but mutual aid activities and volunteer activities must be activated so that the power of the private sector must be combined. It is necessary to ensure that a welfare community is built on the basis of “family and neighborhood, and region and country” and that the vulnerable and the poor, such as children, the elderly, and the disabled, are protected, and active support from the public sector is required. It is necessary to promote private donations and volunteer work, induce voluntary participation of religious and non-profit organizations, strengthen the organic cooperation system with the private sector, and achieve more effective welfare effects.
Table Of Contents
Abstract 1 요 약 3
제1장 서 론 13 제1절 연구의 필요성과 목적 15 제2절 선행연구와 한계 20 제3절 연구내용과 연구방법 24
제2장 국가‧민간 역할분담의 이론적 검토 27 제1절 다양한 복지제공주체들의 태동과 발전 29 제2절 사회복지에서 국가와 민간의 역할분담 36 제3절 사회복지에서 국가와 민간의 관계양상 48 제4절 역사적 제도주의 관점의 의의 52
제3장 진우원 55 제1절 들어가며 57 제2절 전사(前史)로서의 향린원 59 제3절 진우원의 발전과 정체 70 제4절 진우원 역사로 본 민간과 국가의 역할 87
제4장 거제 애광원 101 제1절 들어가며 103 제2절 애광영아원의 출현 배경과 초기 활동 105 제3절 아동복지 활동 및 지역사회복지 활동의 다각화 120 제4절 아동시설에서 장애인시설로의 변모 129 제5절 애광원의 역사를 통해 본 민간과 국가의 역할 138
제5장 은평천사원 143 제1절 들어가며 145 제2절 은평천사원의 설립과 초기 활동 146 제3절 은평천사원의 성장과 발전 167 제4절 은평천사원 시설 자립과 시설전환을 향한 노력 223 제5절 은평천사원의 역사를 통해 본 민간과 국가의 역할 246
제6장 광주 충현원 255 제1절 들어가며 257 제2절 미국 남장로교의 호남 선교와 고아돌봄사업의 시작 258 제3절 지역복지 중심의 탈시설화 277 제4절 지방자치제도의 부활과 광주충현원 283 제5절 충현원의 역사를 통해 본 민간과 국가의 역할 289
제7장 초록우산어린이재단 293 제1절 들어가며 295 제2절 재한기독교아동복지회의 시설아동 중심 아동복지 활동 301 제3절 한국어린이재단의 정부 위탁 아동복지 활동 313 제4절 아동복지활동 다각화와 아동옹호 기관으로서의 정체성 확립 343 제5절 초록우산어린이재단의 역사를 통해 본 민간과 국가의 역할 363
제8장 태화기독교종합사회복지관과 인천기독교종합사회복지관 369 제1절 들어가며 371 제2절 태화여자관의 설립과 활동 372 제3절 태화사회관 시대(1933~1953) 385 제4절 태화기독교사회관 시대(1954~1980) 394 제5절 태화기독교사회복지관으로의 발전 411 제6절 지역복지기관의 역사를 통해 본 민간과 국가의 역할 426