Health Impact Assessment : Policy tasks for introducing Health Impact Assessment and building infrastructure

Abstract

Recently, there are concerns about widening disparities in all aspects. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been developed and is spreading around the world. The HIA assesses how policy and business impact the public’s broader health from different angles. HIA is a tool for maximizing positive impacts and minimizing negative impacts. A prior assessment of the policy on how public health outcomes will change in response to all .socio-economic changes is required, and a comprehensive health impact assessment is required for all relevant departments. The validity and systematicness of the proposed application are required. Therefore, in this research, we would like to assess the impact of each system and policy on health by implementing the newly promoted new policy and project prospective health impact assessment, the existing policy and project retrospective health impact assessment. The Korea Institute of Health and Social Science has begun operating a health impact assessment project in 2008. It conducts health impact assessments across a variety of fields, with operations centered on pilot project, development of guideline, and DB construction. Focusing on pilot project from 2008 to 2017, focusing on medical, welfare, transportation, environment, etc., researched mainly on the contents of development of guideline and DB system operation for overall health impact assessment . In contrast to the qualitative assessment that has been generally known so far, a method that applies to the guidelines for assessment of health effects has been used, but unlike this, this study considers social health determinants among health determinants. A detailed assessment of the policy was made, applying a quantitative assessment centered on income and employment policies that could be done. We investigated mainly policy issues for introducing health impact assessment. In Chapter 2, we introduced the health impact assessment system of major foreign countries through previous research and presented examples of health impact assessment guidelines. The guidelines presented in this study provided step-by-step procedures for health impact assessment, how to write reports, and so on, to provide materials for conducting actual health impact assessments. In Chapter 3, health impact assessments were conducted with a focus on Senior Employment Project. There is a previous study that the labor activity of the elderly has a positive impact not only on income but also on health. In particular, policy assessment was conducted thoroughly on the impact on health as well as the income of the elderly in Senior Employment Project. In Chapter 4, we looked at the relationship between poverty and health, and conducted a health impact assessment focusing on the health impact of earned income tax credit(ETIC) currently being implemented in the path leading to a weak health level due to poverty and a decline in income. went. In Chapter 5, we looks at the health impact assessment as an assessment of social determinants of health. Social policies that can alleviate health inequalities and health impact assessment methods necessary for the introduction of social policies, Policy issues were presented in aspects such as health impact assessment. In general, in the health impact assessment, the size of the problem among various health problems is increasing, or health problems that are expected to have a large social ripple effect are predicted, and priority is given to projects that have a large preventive effect. Deriving rankings will try to contribute to improving the healthy life expectancy of the people and at the same time reducing the health disparity. It is an important issue how to build strategies and logical models for measures against health disparities, including various measures such as social policies. The logical model is a model that clearly describes the relationship with intermediate results and explains specific policy interventions in order to achieve the final goal of the policy. When considering measures for health inequality, it is important to consider whether the cause of the health inequality is a measure that can reduce the gap by considering several paths. In order to effectively assess the health effects, rather than formulating an assessment plan after the project has been implemented, communication with stakeholders in the business is required at the project planning stage to confirm the logical model / theory of change. It is desirable to build a model with various subject related to health impact assessments need to work together to promote measures to disseminate impact assessment systematically. When conducting a health impact assessment, the following consideration options are mainly needed.